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Muscles of Anterior Compartment of The Thigh

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

Origin, Insertion, Nerve Supply, And Actions of The Muscles of The Front of The Thigh

MuscleOriginInsertionNerve supplyActions
1. Quadriceps femoris (a) Rectus femoris1. Straight head: from the upper half of the anterior inferior iliac spine
2. Reflected head: from the groove above the acetabulum
Base of patellaFemoral nerveFlexion of the hip joint and extension of the knee joint
(b) Vastus lateralis1. Upper part of the intertrochanteric line
2. Anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter
3. Lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity
4. Upper half of lateral lip of linea aspera
1. Base and upper 1/3rd of the lateral border of the patella
2. Expansion to the capsule of the knee joint and iliotibial tract
Femoral nerveExtension of the knee joint
(c) Vastus medialis1. Lower part of the intertrochanteric line
2 . Spiral line
3. Medial lip of the linea aspera
4.Upper 2/3rd of medial supracondylar line
1. Base and upper 2/3rd of the medial border of the patella
2. Expansion to the capsule of the knee joint
Femoral nerveExtension of the knee joint
(d) Vastus intermediusUpper 3/4th of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of femurBase of patellaFemoral nerveExtension of the knee joint
2. Articularis genuAnterior surface of the lower part of the shaft of femurSynovial membrane of the knee jointFemoral nervePulls up the synovial membrane of the knee joint during its extension
3. SartoriusAnterior superior iliac spine and upper half of the notch below itUpper part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibiaFemoral nerve1. Flexion of the hip and knee joints
2. Lateral rotation of the thigh
4. Tensor fasciae latae Outer lip of the iliac crest from anterior superior iliac spine to the tubercle of iliac crestIliotibial tract 3-5 cm below the greater trochanterSuperior gluteal nerveAbduction of the hip joint

Quadriceps Femoris

This muscle is thus referred to as because it is composed of 4 parts: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. It’s supplied by the femoral nerve. It creates the majority of the mass on the anterior aspect of the thigh and is the strongest extensor of the knee joint.

All the parts of quadriceps cross only 1 joint, i.e., knee joint, with the exception of rectus femoris which crosses 2 joints, i.e., hip and knee joints.

Articularis Genu

It is composed of 3 or 4 muscular skids that are considered to be a separated part of the vastus intermedius.

Origin

It originates from the anterior surface of the lower part of the shaft of the femur, few centimeters above the patellar articular margin.

Insertion

Into the upper part of the synovial membrane of the knee joint.

Nerve Supply

It’s supplied by a twig from the nerve to vastus intermedius.

Actions

The articularis genu pulls up the synovial membrane upward to prevent its damage when the knee is extended.

Sartorius

It’s the longest muscle in the entire body, which crosses the front of the thigh obliquely from the lateral to the medial side.

Origin

It appears from the anterior superior iliac spine and upper half of the notch immediately below it.

Insertion

The muscle corkscrew obliquely through the thigh from lateral to medial side to reach the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of femur, where its tendon runs forwards to be added into the upper part of the medial outermost layer of the shaft of tibia in front of the insertions of gracilis and semitendinosus. The insertion of sartorius is inverted hockey stick -shaped.

Nerve Supply

It’s supplied by the anterior section of the femoral nerve.

Actions

It bends both the hip and the knee joints, and adducts and rotates the thigh laterally to bring the lower limb into the sitting position of a tailor (Latin sartor: tailor)/” palthi position” embraced by Indian Hindus during meal.

Tensor Fasciae Latae

It’s a short thick muscle, which is located at the junction of the gluteal region and the upper part of the front of the thigh.

Origin

It appears from the outer lip of the iliac crest extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the tubercle of the crest.

Insertion

The muscle enters downward and somewhat backward and added into the iliotibial tract 3-5 cm below the level of the higher trochanter.

Nerve Supply

It’s supplied by the superior gluteal nerve.

Actions

It abducts the hip joint and keeps the extended position of the knee joint via the iliotibial tract.

Morphologically, the tensor fasciae latae is a muscle of the gluteal region that has migrated on the lateral aspect of the thigh during the course of development but keeps its Nerve Supply. It’s supplied by the superior gluteal nerve- the nerve of gluteal region.

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