To carry out several medical and surgical processes, the wisdom of reflexion of parietal pleura on the surface of chest wall is of great importance to play the role for these processes. To mention the expression of parietal pleura on the surface, these lines should be observed closely: Cervical Pleura It's marked by a curved [...]
The midaxillary line is an imaginary line that runs vertically down towards the surface of the body travelling through the tip of the axilla. The anterior axillary line, which goes through the anterior axillary skinfold, and the posterior axillary line, which passes through the posterior axillary skinfold, are parallel to this line. Midaxillary Line [...]
The Sinuses of Pericardium lie between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium and are 2 in number: Transverse sinus. Oblique sinus. They're created because of the reflection of visceral layer of serous pericardium around great vessels of the heart. The visceral pericardium (epicardium) at the roots of great blood vessels is arranged into [...]
The right ventricle is the triangular compartment of the heart that interacts with the right atrium via right atrioventricular orifice as well as via pulmonary orifice with the pulmonary trunk. Right Ventricle Position In the anatomical position, the right atrium is towards the right of the right ventricle and the right ventricle is [...]
The heart is composed of 4 chambers, viz. A. Right atrium. B. Right ventricle. C. Left atrium. D. Left ventricle. The 2 atrial chambers are divided from every other by a vertical septum the interatrial septum and the 2 ventricular chambers are divided from every other by a vertical septum the interventricular septum. [...]
The foramen ovale is found in the fetal heart where it allows blood to go inside the left atrium from the right atrium. It is among the two fetal cardiac shunts, the ductus arteriosus is the other one which allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation that still discharges towards the right ventricle. The foramen [...]
The Valves of the Heart are present in 2 pairs: (a) a pair of atrioventricular valves, and (b) a pair of semilunar valves. The valves prevent regurgitation of the blood. Atrioventricular Valves The left and right atria communicate with the left and right ventricles via left and right atrioventricular orifices, respectively. The left and right [...]
The left atrium is among the four compartments of the heart, found on the left posterior side. Its primary functions are to perform as a stock chamber for blood recurring from the lungs as well as in order to function as a pump in order to transport blood towards other areas of the heart. [...]
The Intercostal space (ICS) is the space in between the two adjacent ribs. There are 11 intercostal spaces on each side, each intercostal space is numbered for the rib superior to it. Every space consists of intercostal muscles and neurovascular bundle of intercostal plane. In each space, the vein is the most superior structure and [...]
The 4th ventricle is a tent-like cavity of the hindbrain lined with ependyma and filled up with cerebrospinal fluid (csf), it's situated in the posterior cranial fossa in front of the cerebellum and behind the pons and the upper part of medulla oblongata. The cavity of the ventricle seems rhomboidal (lozenge shaped) in the horizontal [...]